Archive for the ‘Australia's First Peoples’ Category

How can public follow Muckaty Federal Court case?

May 10, 2012

Given the history of the Australian government in relation to the treatment of Australia’s First People’s, and given the imbalance on power between the parties in the Muckaty Federal Court challenge to the nomination of land at Muckaty for a national radioactive waste facility, public scrutiny of the court proceedings is a vital ingredient.

These days a lot of legal arguments are presented in written form and handed up to the Judge. Some of these documents can be obtained for a reasonable cost from the Court – some are not available.

However, if you want to follow proceedings a little more closely, things become difficult and expensive.

There is no public transcript of proceedings available. I got a quote from the private company which has a monopoly on Court transcripts for one day of this case. It came to just under $1,000. (This did not include the film rights!)

Estimate of costs -Transcript
Prepared for: Robert Bruce Reyburn Date: 30-Apr-12
Songlines Movement Estimate ID: VID433/2010_20120328
Jurisdiction: Federal Court of Australia

Email: reyburn@songlines.org.au
Estimate valid until: 10-May-12

Matter number: VID433/2010
Matter title: Mark Lane Jangala v Commonwealth of Australia & Anor
Hearing start date: 28-Mar-12
Number of days: 1
Presiding Judge: J North
Location: Victoria
Transcript type: Full Trasncript
Total Folios 222 Folios
Unit of Charge Rate Per Folio

DATE(S) ESTIMATED FOLIOS TURNAROUND Rate Per Folio SUB TOTAL (Ex GST)
28-Mar-12 222
-
3 Day $4.06

Estimate Sub-total (Ex GST) $901.32

Estimate GST (10%) $90.13

Estimate Total (Incl GST) $991.45

Realising that I have perfectly good ears and that I could simply listen to the audio recording of the day (that is, I did not need a written transcript) I requested a quote for a copy of the audio. Shock, horror – not possible I was told.

The Registrar of the Court advised me that the proceedings are open to the public and I could attend that way. As the proceedings are in Melbourne and I live in Wollongong NSW this would require me to pay for travel, accommodation and meals. We are not all on fat travel and accommodation expenses.

The move to Open Government must include some means by which members of the public can follow important court cases via the Internet and without having to be presented with such large financial barriers.

Can’t see that happening between now and June when the Muckaty case returns to the Federal Court.

We need some ears in the court room, to provide a twitter account and a written report of the key aspects of the proceedings.

This picture says it all

April 11, 2012

One picture worth many thousands of words – local Warlmanpa women demonstrate against the Northern Land Council outside its Tennant Creek (NT) branch office in connection with the NLC role in the ‘nomination’ of country at Muckaty for a national radioactive waste facility.

The women are painted up and showing their Dreaming links with country in ways the NLC and the Federal Government – blinded by obsolete imperial stereotypes – cannot ‘see’.

And note the heart-centred message carried by the younger people.

https://fbcdn-sphotos-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-snc7/476662_368589443180316_100000877915613_1008177_312179335_o.jpg

A modern anthropologist’s dilemma – one or two Australian sovereigns?

April 4, 2012

The article by Andrew Chalk (link below) provides a good account of the role of an expert in a Federal court case – but presumes that the duty of the modern anthropologist is solely to the Anglo-Australian State and introduced systems of law.

The modern presumption is that a professional anthropologist in Australia has an overriding duty to the Anglo-Australian State and is not free to acknowledge the co-existing sovereignty of Australia’s First Peoples.

The Big Cheese Question is – can modern anthropologists in Australia also recognise the unextinquished sovereignty of Australia’s First Peoples?

When cross-cultural expert anthropologists take an oath to tell the whole truth and nothing but does that not include the question of the sovereignty of Australia’s First Peoples?

And if not, how are their professional careers advanced by the acts of judgement and personal choices they are then required to make – and at what cost to the well-being and vital interests of the indigenous people they claim to be able to represent by modern anthropological means?

Some indigenous lawmen have long argued for “Two Laws” – that is, as an indigenous Australian solution, an inclusive both-and approach with dual sovereigns – co-existing sovereignty – rather than an exclusive either-or choice.

We may yet see elements of this emerge in the Muckaty court case.

Meanwhile by way of some background reading (extract only, emphasis added):

Anthropologists and Violins – A lawyer’s view of expert evidence in native title cases

by Andrew Chalk

Paper delivered to the Native Title Conference: Expert Evidence in Native Title Court Cases: Issues of truth objectivity and expertise
6-7 July 2001
Adelaide University

The purpose of this paper is to set out the legal obligations of experts appearing in native title cases and to offer some suggestions as to steps which expert witnesses can take to ensure that they give their best evidence, irrespective of on whose behalf they are called.

The burden carried by anthropologists in native title matters, irrespective of whether they are being called on behalf of claimants or respondents, is heavy. It is not only their professional reputations which are at stake.

Anthropologists are acutely aware of the significance of the proceedings to claimants and often feel an overwhelming sense of responsibility to do justice to the claimants’ case. Unlike expert witnesses in many other types of cases, such as a doctor in a worker’s compensation claim or an engineer in a product liability case, the nature of anthropological evidence is generally not limited to a discrete issue. It does not involve a routine
scientific test carried out in a laboratory.

Commonly it will encompass an examination of a whole society, the
relationship of the people in that society to one another, their relationship as a group to surrounding peoples and to their colonisers and, of course, their relationship to their land. It is a field of expertise which necessarily involves personal relationships between the anthropologist and the subjects of their inquiry, often over many years.

The expert’s duty to the court

The common law has long laid down rules regarding the duty of an expert in giving evidence to a court.8 The Federal Court has given its own practice directions in relation to the giving of expert evidence in that court.

These directions are titled Guidelines for Expert Witnesses in proceedings in the Federal Court of Australia.9

Lawyers are obliged to give a copy of the Guidelines to an expert at the time the expert is retained for the purpose of giving evidence in the proceedings. The Guidelines cover both the expert’s duty to the court and the form in which their evidence must be presented.

Full article:

http://www.aas.asn.au/publications/Conference%202001/Chalk.pdf

See also CM7 at: http://www.fedcourt.gov.au/how/practice_notes.html#cm7

The Wire – Muckaty story

March 31, 2012

The Wire – MP3 Download

The new waste dump about to be dumped
Friday, 30 March 2012

Produced by Eduardo Jordan
Featured in story
Elizabeth O’Shea – Head of the Social Justice practice at Maurice Blackburn lawyers

http://www.thewire.org.au/storyDetail.aspx?ID=8982

Anthropologists’ field notes ordered by Court in Muckaty court case

March 31, 2012

The present Muckaty Federal Court case is actually better called “Mark Lane Jangala and others v the Commonwealth of Australia and others”. It is case number VID433/2010 in the Victoria Registry of the Federal Court of Australia (for ‘others’ see footnote below).

In the latest court order (28 March 2012) Justice North has called for the production of both reports and field notes by various anthropologists:


THE COURT ORDERS THAT:

2. Pursuant to rule 20.21 of the Federal Court Rules 2011 (Cth), the second respondent make and file an affidavit within 28 days of the date of this order in respect of the documents in the schedule to these orders.

The schedule states:

Schedule

a. All drafts of the anthropological report (being document C-4 to the affidavit of Shanti Rama affairmed 15 December 2012), and all field notes relevant to the report;

b. The retainer, terms of reference, and instructions for any anthropologists retained for the purpose of drafting the 2007 NLC Anthropoligical Report;

c. All draft of the anthropologists’ report commissioned by the Second Respondent and submitted to Justice Gray in the Muckaty Lan Claim (the Sutton Report), and field notes relevent to the report;

d. The retainer, terms of reference, and instructions for any anthropologists retained for the purpose of drafting the Sutton Report.

The 2007 NLC report – carried out by the Northern Land Council anthropologists in connection with the nomination of a site on Muckaty for a radioactive waste facility – was (according to information provide to Parliament) prepared by Mr Robert Graham, Dr Brendan Corrigan and Mr Kim Barber. This contents of this report has been treated as highly confidential by the NLC.

The Sutton Report was exhibit NLC2 in the Warlmanpa (Muckaty Pastoral Lease) land claim No 135 heard by Aboriginal Land Commissioner Justice Grey (see his 1997 land claim report). The Sutton report was prepared by Dr P Sutton, Dr D Nash and Mrs P Morel.

It is not evident from the name of the document if the Sutton report was prepared by them three researchers for the Northern Land Council or for the claimants in the Warlmanpa land claim. It was tendered by counsel for the claimants, says Justice Grey’s land claim report.

It will be interesting to see how these anthropologists (one of those named is a linguist) respond the court order to produce their field materials as this has been contested in some past cases (on the grounds of confidentiality with the peoples concerned).

The question of confidentiality is one which appears from time to time in such matters as reporters protecting their sources; medical professionals protecting their patient’s information and lawyers protecting their client’s disclosures to them.

There is no legal basis for an anthropologist to believe that there is relationship of confidentiality with the people they work with. They may gain some degree of cover if the materials were primarily produced for a court case (legal professional privilege) and have not been previously disclosed or used for a secondary purpose (as I remember it from my tortuous days in the 1985 Warumungu land claim hearing).

However, there may well be strong moral and ethical reasons for seeking to respect the conditions under which information was collected, and these reasons may bring researchers into conflict with the State (and, in this case, a State which does not recognise First Peoples as First Peoples nor their body of law.).

Against this, there are a variety of mechanisms available to Courts to ensure that restricted information (for example, normally for the eyes of senior indigenous lawmen) is handled in a manner which may satisfy any reasonable senior indigenous lawman (or maybe not, as the particular details of the case may be).

See what happens by about the 26 April I suppose, when Justice North’s order requires the production of these documents and field notes.

The Muckaty matter is set down for a directions hearing on 25 June 2012.

Bruce Reyburn
Wollongong NSW
————-

Others as listed in Justice North’s Court Order:

Second Applicant: LORNA FEJO NANGALA
Third Applicant: DICK FOSTER
Fourth Applicant: RONALD BROWN

Second Respondent: NORTHERN LAND COUNCIL
Third Respondent: THE MINISTER FOR RESOURCES AND ENERGY
Fourth Respondent: MUCKATY ABORIGINAL LAND TRUST
Respondent: AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT SOLICITOR

Muckaty disputes shows NLC talks with forked tongue

March 30, 2012

Northern Land Council
Annual Report for 2010-2011

Administer Land Trusts

Objective: Assist Land Trusts’ to act appropriately and in accordance with the Land Rights Act.

Land Trusts are statutory corporations that hold title to Aboriginal land under the Land Rights Act for the benefit of people who are entitled by tradition to use or occupy the land, whether or not that entitlement is qualified by place, time, circumstance, purpose or permission.

The functions of a Land Trust are to hold title to land, exercise powers to acquire, hold and dispose of real and personal property for the benefit of the traditional owners and, where land is granted in a deed of grant held in escrow, to acquire the estates and interests of other persons with a view of gaining the delivery of the
title to the Land Trust. A Land Trust cannot exercise its functions in relation to land except in accordance with a direction given by the Land Council.

Land Trusts consist of a Chairman and not less than three members who hold office for periods not exceeding three years.

Land Trust members are usually traditional owners of the land held in trust.

The NLC assists the Land Trusts in a number of ways including the secure storage of Deeds of Grant and Common Seals, receiving and distributing monies such as rents and royalty payments, and the resolution and management of disputes.

Mediation and Dispute Resolution

Objective: Support traditional owners to manage and resolve disputes.

With its favourable environment and generally abundant water resources, the Northern region of the NT has always had a large traditional owner population. Its position has also tended to attract much of the Territory’s non-Aboriginal population and subsequent development. The Territory’s capital for example is sited here. Considered along with the coast (which has many unique issues) and such things as farming, the uranium resources and large towns, the Top End’s traditional owner population is confronted with numerous and often contentious issues. Not unnaturally there can be widely differing opinions held that result in tensions within and between groups with regard to some issue such as a proposed development. This can and has led to disputes.

In addition there are those disputes that arise with regard to traditional ownership.

These may be boundary disputes between groups, or they may be intergroup disputes regarding membership, or some combination.

The NLC’s functions include that under Section 25 of the Land Rights Act, which is defined as a duty to ‘attempt [the] conciliation of disputes’. “Where a Land Council is informed that there is, or there may arise, a dispute with respect to land in the area of the Council between persons to whom this section applies, the Land Council shall use its best endeavours by way of conciliation for the settlement or prevention, as the case may be, of that dispute.”

The land council is also the arbiter for the identification of the traditional owners of Land Rights Act. Consequently the need arises for investigations of disputes, for mediation and for formal findings by the land council in some cases. The NLC takes this work seriously and works through the issues appropriately and professionally.

(emphasis added – Songlines).

For full annual report see:
http://www.nlc.org.au/html/wht_pub.html

Crown lays claim to uranium in NSW – what of pre-existing indigenous title rights?

March 30, 2012

MINING LEGISLATION AMENDMENT (URANIUM EXPLORATION) BILL 2012

New South Wales

Mining Legislation Amendment
(Uranium Exploration) Bill 2012
[2] Section 379AA 8

Insert after section 379: 9

379AA Uranium the property of the Crown 10

(1) All uranium existing in a natural state on or below the surface of 11
any land in the State is the property of the Crown, and is taken to 12
have been so always. 13

(2) All Crown grants and leases and every licence and other 14
instrument of title or tenure under any Act relating to lands of the 15
Crown, whether granted before or after the commencement of 16
this section, are taken to contain a reservation to the Crown of all 17
uranium existing in a natural state on or below the surface of the 18
land comprised in the instrument concerned. 19

(3) No compensation is payable by the Crown for: 20
(a) any uranium that was at any time vested in any person 21
other than the Crown, or 22
(b) any rights or interests in any uranium of any person other 23
than the Crown that are affected by the operation of this 24
section. 25

(4) The provisions of this section have effect despite anything 26
contained in section 42 of the Real Property Act 1900. 27

(5) In this section: 28
compensation includes damages or any other form of monetary 29
compensation. 30

http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/bill/mlaeb2012511/

Role of Muckaty Land Trust?

March 28, 2012

As the farce plays itself out in the Muckaty Federal court case with Northern Land Council politicians and bureaucrats telling First Peoples at Muckaty they do not know their own traditions, there is another aspect of this matter which is worthy of crtical attention.

This is the role of the Muckaty Land Trust, a body which holds title for the area of the former cattle station, now Aboriginal Land under the Aboriginal Land Rights (NT) Act of 1976,

In the present Federal court case the legal representatives of the Northern Land Council are also representing the Muckaty Land Trust.

Given the large number of Warlmanpa people from Muckaty who are openly opposed to the present proposal to locate the national radioactive waste facilty at Muckaty, this is a curious combination.

The legislation setting up the Land Trusts says that they are “to exercise its powers as owner of land referred to in paragraph (a) for the benefit of the Aboriginals concerned”

Definition in ALR(NT) Act:

“Aboriginal” means a person who is a member of the Aboriginal race of Australia.

Does the Muckaty Land Trust know better than the Warlmanpa people themselves what is really to their benefit?

By way of background:

ABORIGINAL LAND RIGHTS (NORTHERN TERRITORY) ACT 1976 – SECT 5

Functions of Land Trusts
(1) The functions of a Land Trust are:

(a) to hold title to land vested in it in accordance with this Act;

(b) to exercise its powers as owner of land referred to in paragraph (a) for the benefit of the Aboriginals concerned; and

(c) where the Land Trust is named as the grantee of land in a deed of grant held in escrow by a Land Council–to acquire, as and when practicable, the estates and interests of other persons in the land with a view to the surrender to the Crown of those estates and interests and the delivery to the Land Trust of the deed of grant held by the Land Council.

(2) A Land Trust:

(a) shall not exercise its functions in relation to land held by it except in accordance with a direction given to it by the Land Council for the area in which land is situated; and

(b) where such a direction is given to it–shall take action in accordance with that direction.

(3) The Lands Acquisition Act 1989 does not apply to the acquisition by a Land Trust, under this Act, of an estate or interest in land.

MUCKATY LAND TRUST MEMBERSHIP

For details of the Muckaty Land Trust membership (warning – contains the name of at least one deceased person since the information was provided) see the answer to the Question of Senator Ludlam.

“Senator Ludlam asked the Minister representing the Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, upon notice, on 24 March 2010:
(1) In accordance with the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 (the Act), who were the trustees appointed as members and chair of the Muckaty Land Trust (the trust) by the Minister on the recommendation of the Northern Land Council (NLC) for the:

(a) 2008 09; and
(b) 2009 10, reporting periods.
(2) For each financial year from 1996 97 to 2006 07, who were the trustees appointed to the trust on the recommendation of the NLC by previous ministers.

(3) Does the Minister or the department have any information on what systems, timelines and processes the NLC has to ensure that membership of land trusts and statutory corporations recognised under the Act are up to date and compliant with the Act; if so, what are they.

Senator Chris Evans-The Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs has provided the following answer to the honourable senator’s question:

http://greensmps.org.au/content/questions-notice/muckaty-land-trust

Federal Government to use anthropologists in Muckaty case

March 28, 2012

Anthropologists called in for nuke land ownership dispute in court

by: Pia Akerman
From: The Australian
March 28, 2012 12:00AM

THE federal government will use evidence from anthropologists to fight claims that traditional owners of a site at Muckaty Station in the Northern Territory have not been consulted about a planned nuclear waste dump.

Lawyers for the commonwealth told a Federal Court hearing yesterday that Mark Lane Jangala, a Ngapa man who opposes the proposed dump site, was not a traditional owner of the land.

Stephen Donaghue SC said anthropological material supported the government’s case against Mr Lane Jangala and his allies within the Ngapa group.

“They may have traditional ownership rights in relation to other parts of Muckaty Station, but not in relation to the nominated area,” he said.

Dr Donaghue said it would be an “inefficient use of court resources” to embark on a trial to identify the real traditional owners of the land, and the Northern Land Council had been entrusted to make that decision.

The council nominated the site on Muckaty Station, 110km north of Tennant Creek in 2007, supported by one of five clan groups making up the Muckaty Land Trust. The nomination was approved by the Howard government but has not yet been declared under the Labor government.

Resources Minister Martin Ferguson has previously said he will not declare the site until the legal proceedings finish.

Dr Donaghue yesterday told judge Tony North the case should be stopped on the basis of four questions of law.

Full story:

http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/indigenous/anthropologists-called-in-for-nuke-land-ownership-dispute-in-court/story-fn9hm1pm-1226311804345

The Age report of Muckaty Court case hearing.

March 28, 2012

Radioactive dump – with 10 days’ notice, court told
Maris Beck
The Age
March 28, 2012 – 8:51AM

A nuclear waste dump on Aboriginal land should go ahead even if the land’s traditional owners have been incorrectly identified to government, the Commonwealth has told the Federal Court.

If it was found that a land council gave the federal government incorrect information about the traditional owners of Muckaty Station, 120 kilometres north of Tennant Creek, it would not invalidate the government’s 2007 approval for a dump there, Commonwealth lawyer Dr Stephen Donaghue SC said in Melbourne yesterday.

He said the government’s new radioactive waste law requires only that a land council present evidence of who the traditional owners are — not that the evidence be true.
Advertisement: Story continues below

A group of elders, including Ngapa elders Mark Lane Jangala, claim that they are among the traditional owners of the station. The Northern Land Council had excluded the group, identifying the family of Amy Lauder (who has since died) as owners instead. Counsel for the groups, Ron Merkel QC, told Justice Tony North that the land council was a commercial body, that Ms Lauder was a member of the council, and that his clients’ exclusion had involved ‘‘misleading and deceptive’’ conduct. Misconduct was denied by the council, represented by Sturt Glacken SC.

Mr Merkel sought a full trial of the case and accused the Commonwealth of delaying proceedings.

‘‘People are elderly and dying and already the most important person in the case has died,’’ he said.

Mr Merkel said the government would only need to give 10 days notice to declare the site a dump and there was ‘‘only a shortlist of one’’ possible site: Muckaty Station.

The radioactive waste law, which passed Senate this month, has been opposed by environmental and indigenous groups who say the powers it grants to Resources Minister Martin Ferguson are too broad.

Read more: http://www.theage.com.au/environment/radioactive-dump–with-10-days-notice-court-told-20120328-1vxdz.html#ixzz1qMJEk2e1


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